Mission and Code Authors
TRUST project in Nairobi, May 2016
Mission
Research partnerships between high-income and lower-income settings can be highly advantageous for both parties. Or they can lead to ethics dumping, the practice of exporting unethical research practices to lower-income settings.
This Global Code of Conduct for Equitable Research Partnerships counters ethics dumping by:
- providing guidance across all research disciplines
- presenting clear, short statements in simple language to achieve the highest possible accessibility
- focusing on research collaborations that entail considerable imbalances of power, resources and knowledge
- using a new framework based on the values of fairness, respect, care and honesty.
Those applying the code will be researchers and research funders who oppose double standards in research and support long-term equitable research relationships between partners in lower-income and high-income settings based on fairness, respect, care and honesty.
Code Authors
This Code was drafted under the leadership of Professor Doris Schroeder (UCLan) by:
- Joyce Adhiambo Partners for Health and Development in Africa (PHDA)
- Chiara Altare Action contre la Faim (ACF)
- Fatima Alvarez-Castillo University of the Philippines, Manila
- Pamela Andanda University of the Witwatersrand (WITS)
- François Bompart Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDI)
- Francesca I. Cavallaro United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
- Kate Chatfield Centre for Professional Ethics (UCLAN)
- Roger Chennells South African San Institute (SASI)
- David Coles Centre for Professional Ethics (UCLAN)
- Julie Cook Centre for Professional Ethics (UCLAN)
- Julia Dammann South African San Institute (SASI)
- Amy Azra Dean Media (UCLAN)
- Dafna Feinholz United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
- Solveig Fenet Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM)
- François Hirsch Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM)
- Carel IJsselmuiden Council on Health Research for Development Association (COHRED)
- Sandhya Kamat Forum for Ethics Review Committees in India (FERCI)
- Rosemary Kasiba Partners for Health and Development in Africa (PHDA)
- John Kiai Partners for Health and Development in Africa (PHDA)
- Joshua Kimani Partners for Health and Development in Africa (PHDA)
- Mihalis Kritikos Scientific Foresight Unit (STOA) European Parliament
- Olga Kubar Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute
- Nandini K. Kumar Forum for Ethics Review Committees in India (FERCI)
- Miltos Ladikas Centre for Professional Ethics (UCLAN)
- Klaus M. Leisinger Foundation Global Values Alliance (FGVA)
- Collin Louw South African San Institute (SASI)
- Gwenaelle Luc Action contre la Faim (ACF)
- Mario Mahongo The South African San Institute (SASI)
- Michael Makanga European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP)
- David Morton University of Birmingham (UBir)
- Ngaya Munuo University of Cape Town (UCT)
- Vasantha Muthuswami Forum for Ethics Review Committees in India (FERCI)
- Peter Mwaura Partners for Health and Development in Africa (PHDA)
- Dieynaba N’diaye Action contre la Faim (ACF)
- Jaci van Niekerk University of Cape Town (UCT)
- Catherine Njoki Partners for Health and Development in Africa (PHDA)
- Holger Postulart Council on Health Research for Development Association (COHRED)
- Johannes Rath International Biosafety and Security Advisor (EU, UN)
- Zeka Shiwarra South African San Institute (SASI)
- Karin M. Schmitt Foundation Global Values Alliance (FGVA)
- Doris Schroeder Centre for Professional Ethics (UCLAN)
- Miriam Shuchman Department of Psychiatry (U of T)
- Michelle Singh European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP)
- Giorgio Sirugo Division of Human Genetics (UPenn)
- Leana Snyders South African San Institute (SASI)
- Andries Steenkamp South African San Institute (SASI)
- Hennie Swart South African San Institute (SASI)
- Elena Tavlaki Signosis Sprl (SIGNOSIS)
- Urmila Thatte Forum for Ethics Review Committees in India (FERCI)
- Jacintha Toohey Council on Health Research for Development Association (COHRED)
- Anthony Tukai Partners for Health and Development in Africa (PHDA)
- Josephine Waithera Partners for Health and Development in Africa (PHDA)
- Jane Wathuta University of the Witwatersrand (WITS)
- Paul Woodgate Wellcome Trust
- Rachel Wynberg University of Cape Town (UCT)
- Yandong Zhao Chinese Academy of Science and Technology for Development (CASTED)
- Joyce Adhiambo Partners for Health and Development in Africa (PHDA)
- Chiara Altare Action contre la Faim (ACF)
- Fatima Alvarez-Castillo University of the Philippines, Manila
- Pamela Andanda University of the Witwatersrand (WITS)
- François Bompart Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDI)
- Francesca I. Cavallaro United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
- Kate Chatfield Centre for Professional Ethics (UCLAN)
- Roger Chennells South African San Institute (SASI)
- David Coles Centre for Professional Ethics (UCLAN)
- Julie Cook Centre for Professional Ethics (UCLAN)
- Julia Dammann South African San Institute (SASI)
- Amy Azra Dean Media (UCLAN)
- Dafna Feinholz United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
- Solveig Fenet Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM)
- François Hirsch Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM)
- Carel IJsselmuiden Council on Health Research for Development Association (COHRED)
- Sandhya Kamat Forum for Ethics Review Committees in India (FERCI)
- Rosemary Kasiba Partners for Health and Development in Africa (PHDA)
- John Kiai Partners for Health and Development in Africa (PHDA)
- Joshua Kimani Partners for Health and Development in Africa (PHDA)
- Mihalis Kritikos Scientific Foresight Unit (STOA) European Parliament
- Olga Kubar Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute
- Nandini K. Kumar Forum for Ethics Review Committees in India (FERCI)
- Miltos Ladikas Centre for Professional Ethics (UCLAN)
- Klaus M. Leisinger Foundation Global Values Alliance (FGVA)
- Collin Louw South African San Institute (SASI)
- Gwenaelle Luc Action contre la Faim (ACF)
- Mario MahongoTHE South African San Institute (SASI)
- Michael Makanga European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP)
- David Morton University of Birmingham (UBir)
- Ngaya Munuo University of Cape Town (UCT)
- Vasantha Muthuswami Forum for Ethics Review Committees in India (FERCI)
- Peter Mwaura Partners for Health and Development in Africa (PHDA)
- Dieynaba N’diaye Action contre la Faim (ACF)
- Jaci van Niekerk University of Cape Town (UCT)
- Catherine Njoki Partners for Health and Development in Africa (PHDA)
- Holger Postulart Council on Health Research for Development Association (COHRED)
- Johannes Rath International Biosafety and Security Advisor (EU, UN)
- Zeka Shiwarra South African San Institute (SASI)
- Karin M. Schmitt Foundation Global Values Alliance (FGVA)
- Doris Schroeder Centre for Professional Ethics (UCLAN)
- Miriam Shuchman Department of Psychiatry (U of T)
- Michelle Singh European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP)
- Giorgio Sirugo Division of Human Genetics (UPenn)
- Leana Snyders South African San Institute (SASI)
- Andries Steenkamp South African San Institute (SASI)
- Hennie Swart South African San Institute (SASI)
- Elena Tavlaki Signosis Sprl (SIGNOSIS)
- Urmila Thatte Forum for Ethics Review Committees in India (FERCI)
- Jacintha Toohey Council on Health Research for Development Association (COHRED)
- Anthony Tukai Partners for Health and Development in Africa (PHDA)
- Josephine Waithera Partners for Health and Development in Africa (PHDA)
- Jane Wathuta University of the Witwatersrand (WITS)
- Paul Woodgate Wellcome Trust
- Rachel Wynberg University of Cape Town (UCT)
- Yandong Zhao Chinese Academy of Science and Technology for Development (CASTED)
We gratefully acknowledge valuable input on the code from the following research funders: Wellcome Trust, Global Forum on Bioethics in Research, Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, Medical Research Council UKRI, WHO TDR and European Commission.
We also received valuable input on the Global Code from the following industry partners: Sanofi, Roche, Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, Boehringer Ingelheim and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations.